An example call to the printf function printf is a c standard library function that formats text and writes it to standard output Generally, the term string means a string where the code unit is of type char, which is exactly 8 bits on all modern machines. Mismatch between the format specifiers and count and type of values results in undefined behavior and possibly program crash.
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Some shells implement the command as builtin and some provide it as a utility program [2] the command has similar syntax and semantics as the library function
The command outputs text to standard output [3] as specified by a format string and a.
[1][2] stack buffer overflow bugs are caused when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than what is actually allocated for that buffer In the following example expressed in c, a program has two variables which are adjacent in memory The length of a string is the number of code units before the zero code unit [1] the memory occupied by a string is always one more code unit than the length, as space is needed to store the zero terminator
