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As a result, reliable demand estimation is an essential input to many types of research in industrial organization and other fields of economics In this chapter i will review the main methodologies used in economics for demand estimation, focusing on recent trends such as the structural approach and machine learning techniques.

This chapter presents a discussion of some foundational issues in demand estimation. In general studies of demand for single goods or policy orientated studies are often more concerned with estimation of elasticities rather tan testing the theory. To do so, the authors estimate the demand function at each location, and then construct the spatial price index based on the available products at each location.

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From an econometric point of view, these models are interesting in that they involve nonlinearity and complete system estimation methods

Demand analysis is a large subject and several books have been written in this area

In this lecture we will only be able to touch on some of the issues. Delve into the mechanics of demand functions, exploring mathematical formulations, elasticity, and their role in economic theory and markets.

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