Bitwise operations in c in the c programming language, operations can be performed on a bit level using bitwise operators In figure c above, when an argument larger than 11 bytes is supplied on the command line foo() overwrites local stack data, the saved frame pointer, and most importantly, the return address. The path and filename of the executable to be debugged it then waits passively for the host gdb to communicate with it
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Gdb is run on the host, with the arguments
The path and filename of the executable (and any sources) on the host, and a device name (for a serial line) or the ip address and port number needed for connection to the target system.
Hex dumps are commonly organized into rows of 8 or 16 bytes, sometimes separated by whitespaces Some hex dumps have the hexadecimal memory address at the beginning On systems where the conventional representation of data is octal, the equivalent is an octal dump. To address bytes, they access memory at the full width of their data bus, then mask and shift to address the individual byte
Systems tolerate this inefficient algorithm, as it is an essential feature for most software, especially string processing. The zero byte then ends up overwriting a memory location that's one byte beyond the end of the buffer.) the program stack in foo() with various inputs: