This presents a problem for cells that lack a suitable terminal electron acceptor for the electron transport chain or that cannot respire. There is no oxygen present, and it cannot respire anaerobically. Fermentation pathways operate under anaerobic cell growth conditions when electron acceptors are unavailable to support cellular respiration (e.g., without o 2, nitrate, nitrite, tmao, or dmso present).
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Typically, they either examine the use of specific carbon sources as substrates for fermentation or other metabolic reactions, or they identify fermentation products or specific enzymes present in reactions.
In the following lab you will compare ethanol fermentation by yeast under different environmental conditions
As ethanol fermentation produces co 2 without consuming o 2, you can measure fermentation based on the net change in gas within an enclosed space, such as a respirometer. This adaptation allows them to survive and continue functioning in challenging conditions. Processes that use an organic molecule to regenerate nad + from nadh are collectively referred to as fermentation In contrast, some living systems use an inorganic molecule as a final electron acceptor
Both methods are a type of anaerobic cellular respiration. Though energetically less efficient than respiration, fermentation is indispensable for energy conservation under anaerobic conditions and is exploited extensively in food, industrial, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications. Under what conditions must a cell undergo fermentation (check all that apply) more atp is produced for the cell by fermentation than by aerobic respiration
It needs to make secondary metabolites
It lacks the ability to respire (i.e., no electron transport chain)
